If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Writing an Article Review

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Writing an Article Review Introducing Writing an Article Review If you think that writing a review will become an actual struggle, we recommend locating a trustworthy custom made paper writing agency where you could get an article review online. There are many ways to go about writing an article review, and the ideal way to do this is to use the exact same writing practices you would utilize to compose an essay or formal paper. In the conclusion, discuss whether the post is successful in advancing the subject of study it's examining. To test your comprehension of what you've just read, it's important to set the report or literature in your words. Top Writing an Article Review Choices Writing a post could be a bit challenging for some folks, but is not need to be hard. The summary ought to be maximum words long. 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Unrealistic Love Essay - 1688 Words

We all wish to have that magical moment a moment that just leaves you in awe and feelings that are indescribable. A couple of seconds that your heart just beats faster and faster and there’s no stopping the excitement, the happiness, the butterflies. Sounds like it was just taken out of a love song, right? Truth of the matter is that love songs influence young culture on how love should feel and create this stereotype that love is nothing but a moment filled with passion and desires. But reality is that’s not always the case and these songs set up unrealistic measures such as, a passionate moment or falling in love solely on physical attraction; and if you don’t achieve that moment or are not attracted in that instant then you’re not in†¦show more content†¦These three songs are very popular in pop culture and country, primarily aimed at girls in their teens and young adults. The purpose of this paper is to prove that these songs in the music ind ustry mold the point of view that teen’s have regarding love. Summary: Today was a fairytale â€Å"Today was a fairytale†, is a 4:01 song written by Taylor Swift, and produced by Nathan Chapman used in the soundtrack for major motion picture Valentine’s Day. The song describes exactly the title, a young girl who felt like a princess when she went out with her prince charming on a magical date. The song describes a scenario in where she wore a pretty dress and he wore a dark grey t-shirt. She knew she loved him just by a simple glare, the way he kissed her, how he made her heart beat faster and cause time to slow down due to his presence. Analysis The song basically describes the â€Å"perfect date† and all these emotions that are â€Å"supposed† to be felt to indicate that you love the person. The artist adds classical elements and modern-day elements to her song making it more relatable to teens and also causing them to remember memories of when they were kids watching â€Å"Snow White† and wishing one day they will be that princess. The artist keeps repeating that thisShow MoreRelatedThe Perception of Love in Romantic Films955 Words   |  4 Pagesseen them, those cheesy romantic comedies where two (beautiful) strangers meet and fall in love. They run into some sort of conflict and eventually find a way back to each other in the end. Although that seems like a harmless concept, that kind of love results in unrealistic expectations of what a life partner should be, unrealistic expectations of what the ideal woman or man should look like and unrealistic expectations of what constitutes healthy conflict resolution. The majority of women (andRead MoreAmerican Society : Film Review1584 Words   |  7 Pagesbut, it also changed how people experienced emotions. Films have become a huge source of entertainment today but, films do not always accurately reflect American society. Furthermore, teens are not as rebellious as portrayed in films. In addition, love is not always obtained the way films portray it to be. Moreover, crime in society is not socially acceptable and glorified as shown in films. On the other hand, some people may argue that filmmakers do not have the responsibility of creating ethicalRead MoreEssay on Romance Movies and Real Life Relationships1249 Words   |  5 Pagesgenre where the plot revolves around the love between two main characters as they experience the highs and lows of love. â€Å"Common themes that revolve around romantic movies are kissing, love at first sight, tragic love, destructive love, and sentimental love† (Taylor). These themes appear in many histori cal films and the pattern still continues in modern films as well. Watching romantic movies has a giant negative influence on the viewers analysis of what love and relationships should really be likeRead MoreThe Works of Christina Rossetti677 Words   |  3 Pagesdiamond embedded suitcase filled with the grand jewels of life: money, love, and leaving legacies. People seem to have one simple thought, that having money and love is the most important thing in life. However, that is not the case for Christina Rossetti. Her views on life are very realistic and matter of fact. She believes earthly gifts and human emotions are not important because none of it is permanent. She does not need money or love, and she does not care if she is remembered. Rossetti reveals whatRead MoreBel Canto : An Unrealistic Fairytale885 Words   |  4 Pages Bel Canto: An Unrealistic Fairytale Bel Canto is a drama induced romance novel written by Ann Patchett. The main character of the story is Roxanne Coss, an opera singer who, along with a plethora of other unique characters, finds herself suddenly taken hostage while performing at a private birthday party in an unnamed South American country. The specific location, we are told, is the vice-presidential palace, complete with all the luxuries and exclusivities that political dignitaries and wealthyRead MoreEssay on The Suffering of the Women in Wuthering Heights1069 Words   |  5 PagesThe Suffering of the Women in Wuthering Heights It appears that Catherines expectations are unrealistic especially when placed in the historical context. The novel is written during the Victorian era where the role of women in relation to marriage was that they were to be obedient, disciplined and faithful to their husband. Catherine does not fulfil any of these roles in the long term. Firstly, she marries Edgar for social and financial benefits. She becomes aware that she belongs toRead More`` Against Love `` By Kipnis1169 Words   |  5 Pagesside effects of love. Divorce, torn families, and years of resentment towards divided partners, to name a few. Despite how love can and often does burn up in flames, people still fight for love and being in love like it’s the only hope they’ve got left. Everyone wants to love and be loved. It has this magic and mysterious aura surrounding it, something that is is utterly inexplicable until one has felt its effects themselves. In Kipnis’ novel, Against Love, she argues that the love most everyone seeksRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 1301123 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s Sonnet 130 is an unconventional confession of love to his mistress, despite first interpretations. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 parodies the Petrarchan sonnet – popular during the Elizabethan period. Shakespeare uses figures of speech, sarcasm, and the Petrarchan form agains t itself to mock the ways in which feminine beauty is unrealistically compared to nature and represented. Due to Sidney’s and Spenser’s large impact regarding the popularization of the Petrarchan sonnet, ShakespeareRead MoreA False Romance1236 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals that can grow into an everlasting relationship. People have dreamed of having an everlasting passionate love at least once in their lifetime. However, if they expect to have it for a long period of time, they are in trouble because such things do not exist as they do in movies. People have dreams of this false perception of love all the time due to Hollywood movies about love, romantic poems, and television shows. This is what people have been lead to believe because directors and producesRead MoreExample Of Love Essay818 Words   |  4 Pagesworld with no love. Hard to do, isn’t it? Love is a sacred feeling to everyone. Love runs the world. Without love in the world, nothing would get d one. Think about it, without love, the human population would not be nearly as large as what it is today. Without people’s love for other people, no new families would be created. Another example is without people’s love for their work, nothing new would be discovered. Love is unique to everyone, each person loves differently from the next. Love is immeasurable

Difference Between Leadership and Management free essay sample

Since long, the deep-rooted difference reigning between leadership and management has fuelled a raging debate. According to Bennis, â€Å"There is a profound difference between management and leadership, and both are important. To manage means to bring about, to accomplish, to have charge of or responsibility for, to conduct. Leadership is influencing, guiding in a direction, course, action, opinion. The distinction is crucial. † In fact, leadership and management are both vital and complementary. Certainly distinctive in nature, they nonetheless remain two indispensable systems of actions in a business environment. The engagement into the debate to differentiate the 2 terms, calls for settling down on definitions in endemic framework. Leadership has been subjected to various definitions, one of which is the â€Å"process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task†.Keith states that, â€Å"Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen† while according to Ogbonnia â€Å"effective leadership is the ability to successfully integrate and maximize available resources within the internal and external environment for the attainment of organizational or societal goals. † This can be expanded into a more complex definition: â€Å"Leadership is an interpersonal influence directed towards the achievement of goal/goals, which has led to the emergence of the Trait theory of Leadership†.The leadership trait theory postulates that people are born with specific features which make up their personality. Since those distinct traits are linked to skillful leadership, it assumes that once people with the right traits have been spotted, potential leaders will be unveiled. Various studies have attempted to determine which qualities are essential in a leader. One American study cites the following: Judgment, Drive, Fairness, Energy, Initiative, Human Relation Skill, Ambition, Emotional Stability, Integrity, Decisiveness, Dedication, Co-operation, Foresight, Dependability, and Objectivity.Therefore a leader is a person who selects, equips trains and influences one or more follower(s) gifted with specific skills and channels that follower towards achieving the organizational mission and objectives. The leader can exert such a charismatic influence by conveying a futuristic vision in clear terms that is in line with the follower’s beliefs and values in such a way that the latter can understand and translate tomorrow’s unknown into today’s action steps.In this process, the leader puts forward this vision in contrast to the present status of the organizational and by making use of analytical thinking skills, insight, intuition of convin cing grandiloquence and interpersonal communication, the leader smoothens and puts into limelight opinions and beliefs of the followers such that the latter can step out of ambiguity into clarity and shared vision, which results in influencing the follower to embrace the future state of the organization as a covetable condition deserving personal commitment and corporate resources.A leader achieves this by using ethical means and covets the greater good of the follower during the course of action such that the latter is better off as a result of integral communication with the leader. A leader, aware of the uniqueness of each follower, brings about unity of common goals and vision without jeopardizing the personality of the follower. The leader executes this through modernistic flexible means of education, support that meet, within realms of reality in terms of range of the organizational resources, the demand of the person.A leader recognizes the major influence of audiences outside of the organization framework and depicts the organization to them with a view of giving good impression of the organization objective. To contrast with, management, in all business and organizational activities ascribes to the action of gathering people with an aim of reaching a certain set of goals and objectives by making an efficient and effective use of available resources.Since organizations are viewed as systems, management can also be translated as the human effort including design, to ease production of useful outcomes from a system. The term ‘Management’ encompasses so many flows of actions that different writers engaged in defining it, differently. †¢ Mary Follet : â€Å"Management is the art of getting ;things done through others† †¢ Jean Allen : ‘Management is what a manager does’. The American Marketing Association: ‘Management is guiding human and physical resources into dynamic organizational units which attain their objectives to the satisfaction of those served within a high degree of moral and sense of attainment on the part of those rendering services. † †¢ Jean Robert : â€Å"Management is a combination of ensuring job satisfaction for staff, and meeting organizational demands. From the enlightenment provided above, we cannot overlook the fact that leadership and management do differ.The rhetoric about the distinction between leadership and management has been long and until today, put forth with hope of being answered coherently, especially in our modern business world. In many a case, these two terms have been used interchangeably, but in fact, there reigns an immense difference between them. A leader is a manager but a manager is not necessarily a leader; and this is majorly from where stems the various theories highlighting the differences between leadership and management.In his book, â€Å"On Becoming a Leader† Bennis spent much ink delineating the differences, â€Å"I tend to think of the differences between leaders and managers as the difference between those who master context and those who surrender to it. There are other differences as well, and they are enormous and crucial. † 1. ‘The manager administers, the leader innovates’ 2. ‘The manager is a copy, the leader is an original’ 3. â€Å" The manager maintains, the leader develops; 4. ‘The manager focuses on systems and structure, the leader focuses on people; 5. The manager relies on control, the leader inspires trust’ 6. ‘The manager has her eye always on the bottom line, the leader has her eye on the horizon’ 7. ‘The manager accepts the status quo, the leader challenges it’ Since management is a subset of leadership, the trick lies in demarcating where pure management embraces some of the traits of leadership. From the distinctions delineated, one can note that a leader’s style therefore, pertains to Transformational while that of a manager pertains to the Transactional.As Burns said in his Traditional Transformational leadership behaviour theories, transformational leaders ‘†¦recognizes and exploits an existing need or demand of a potential follower†¦(and) looks for potential motives in follower, seeks to satisfy higher needs and engages the full person of the follower’ and contrasts it with the Transactional behaviour being ‘Approaches followers with an eye to exchanging one thing for another: jobs for votes, or subsidies for campaign contributions’.From Bennis’ point of view, leaders have been identified to use vision to anim ate, inspire and transform purpose into action, a way of doing which is line with the Transformational style as compared to the Transactional leadership style where managers are more work-focused. As he defines it, transformational leaders ‘see their role as inspiring and motivation others to work at levels beyond mere compliance, espousing Bennis’s thought:† The manager administers, the leaders innovates†.Only transformational leadership is said to be able to change team/organizational cultures and create a new direction’, further espoused by Bass, ‘the transactional leaders within the organizational culture as it exists, the transformational leader changes the organizational culture’ Leaders adhering to the transformational style, arouse emotions in their followers motivating them to act beyond the framework of what may be described as exchange relations while managers, majorly governed by transactional style, will rather set up a serie s of rewards and punishments to motivate members of the organization.Transactional leadership, a popular approach for many managers, consists of working within clear structures whereby it is clear what is required from subordinates, and what rewards shall be conferred for following the orders, as compared to the Transformational leadership whereby the leader puts passion and energy in everything while also caring for the personal success and upliftment of their followers since the transformational leader seeks to transform. Bennis further elaborated on transformational leadership as fulfilling the requirements of the following. Management of attention. Transformational leadership starts with the development, a view of the future that will shape and compel focus as well as excite and convert potential followers. †¢ Management of meaning This evokes the ability to communicate vision. This takes energy commitment, as few people will immediately buy into a radical vision, and some will join the show much more slowly than others. The Transformational Leader thus takes every opportunity and will use whatever works to convince others to climb on board. †¢ Management of trustIt ascribes to consistency and honesty. This essential part can be linked with Heifetz theory of dispersed leadership where the latter argues that the role of the leader is to help people face reality and to mobilize them to make change (A huge contrast to what management does: â€Å"The manager administers, the leader innovates†) †¢ Management of self It ascribes to the personal weakness and strengths. It relates to the ability of recognizing one’s own skills and limitations. While transformational leadership is about implementing new ideas, staying lexible and adaptable and continually improves those around, its polar opposite, transactional leadership stresses on how to be effective within the status quo itself, a style mostly adopted by management. Transactional leadership is thus, more of a ‘telling style, elaborated in Ashridge’s studies where the ‘telling style’ is about the manager making all the decisions and issuing instructions which must be obeyed without question. It is the most efficient type of leadership for highly-programmed work but it does not encourage initiative nor commitment from subordinates, only adherence to compliance (joining back the transactional style)Zalenic went further into the analysis; espousing that managers are overly rational, somewhat detached and task-oriented- a living personification of Taylor’s theory of scientific management. Purely task-oriented leaders are likely to be psychologically distant managers. Management tends to more task-focused compared to leadership. In this context, BlakeMouton’s leadership grid define the task-oriented manager as being more concerned with production and the relation-oriented leader as being more ‘concerned for people’. [pic]This leadership grid attempts to conceptualize how ‘task’ and ‘people’ orientation of a leader helps the organization in attaining its purpose and categorizes leadership into 5 styles: 1. Impoverished Manager (Low people-Low task concern) They exhibit lack of concern for the result of the assigned task as well as for interpersonal relationship, thereby failing to haul up to the exigencies of Adair’s Action centered approach as well as to that of Henri Fayol’s Principle of Administrative Management (Planning, Organizing, coordinating and Controlling). . Country-Club Manager (High people-Low task) They display care and concern for people. They create a comfortable and friendly environment while de-emphasizing the productivity of ta sk. 3. Authority Compliance Manager (Low people-High task concern) One can derive that pure management leans more on concern for production and that its starts embracing (effective) leadership when it shows a higher concern for people. In fact the Grid theory asserts that effective leadership is the 9-9 style- high people task concern. In this light, Adair’s Action centered theory can be called upon to draw the line between leadership and management or when management starts fiddling with leadership by using the Inter-relationship of the 3 goals’ diagram. [pic]Adair suggested that a leader is confronted to the ordeal of achieving the 3 major goals. This study leads to the emergence of his ‘Action Centered Leadership’ theory: A situation where a group of people aiming at achieving a certain goal will pave the way to spot a potential leader. In fact management (solely) will rather focus on task needs, that is, the achievement of a goal or task as being the respons ibility of the leader. This relates to the fulfillment of a very practical activity or it may also be a less tangible objective. For successful completion of the task, the leader must be capable to identify the available resources both in terms of people and systems in line with the fruition of the identified aims. The emergence of more accurate leadership qualities can be noted when Management of Team Individual is more tightly knitted in. Managing the team requires a leader to encourage members and stimulate them towards collective mutual commitment to reach the goals. He provides feedback to the group about the overall progress, establishes, agrees and communicates standards of performance and behaviour as well as sorts out culture.She monitors, maintains discipline, ethics. She is expected to anticipate and resolve group conflicts, and develop team spirit and collective maturity. She enables and eases good internal external group communication. Managing the individuals relates to meeting the needs of the specific people as the group takes a life on its own but the individuals keep their identify. This is imperative to sustain motivation to complete the task. The leader is expected to wrap to assist and support them through highs and lows, agreeing upon appropriate individual needs and goals.She confers recognition and praise the person as a means of encouraging efforts and good work (A type of motivational tool usually unused by managers but preferred by transformational leaders) Furthermore, Mintzberg’s thesis on the nature of managerial work can be called upon to spot managers with only management potential from those demonstrating leadership skills too, gauged by the measuring the extent to which they fulfill the interpersonal roles; especially the ‘figurehead’ and ‘leader’ criteria.

The Neoliberalism of Human Trafficking Essay Example

The Neoliberalism of Human Trafficking Essay Human Trafficking: A Neoliberal Problem Requiring a Neoliberal Solution There are many different meanings to the term globalization, yet the constant throughout each meaning is the fact that globalization creates interconnectedness among citizens of the world that has not been experienced at such levels previously. Globalization as a theory is often applauded because it allows for a diffusion of knowledge as well as an increase in opportunities for most people. It does indeed create vast amounts of opportunities for both genders, yet it is biased to developed and industrialized nations. Globalization is hugely discriminatory against unskilled workers, most prominently women and children. In most countries, women bear the majority of the burdens created by globalization. Women and children are more adversely affected by globalization than men, as this segment faces less social equality. One institution in which this is directly depicted is that of human trafficking. Human trafficking is one of the oldest trades known to man. The rising interconnectedness of the world has created a trade that is impossible to put a stop to. Human trafficking has proliferated in recent years to become a neoliberal concept. Neoliberalism has created a situation in which women and children have become a commodity, thus causing an explosive rise of the human trade throughout the world that is virtually impossible to stop. Human trafficking is the forceful trade of human beings around the world through means of force, fraud, and deception (Human Trafficking, 2011). Human trafficking is no longer a crime present only in Asia and Eastern Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on The Neoliberalism of Human Trafficking specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Neoliberalism of Human Trafficking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Neoliberalism of Human Trafficking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It has become the worlds fastest growing criminal activity, and exists in nearly every country (Human Trafficking, 2011). There are typically supplier countries, and target countries, however both forms of trafficking occur throughout the world (Human Trafficking, 2011). Human trafficking is often thought of as a sex trade, yet many people are also exploited for indentured servitude in often unsanitary and grueling conditions. Human trafficking is currently tied for the position second largest criminal activity in the world, with estimated revenue to be between 5 and $15 billion dollars, which is more than most major global corporations earn yearly (Human Trafficking Statistics, 2007). 80% of trafficked victims are female, and 50% of victims are children (Human Trafficking Statistics, 2007). Major reasons for this is the fact that both women and children are most vulnerable in developing nations, and are coerced into trafficking as a means of providing an income for themselves and th eir families. Globalization has given rise to human trafficking due to the fact that globalization has forced people to find ways to improve their economic situation. Often, people are deceived into being trafficked under the pretense of finding better pay in another country, or in different cities in their own country. Neoliberalism opens markets, promotes an increase in trade among countries, and thus creates a free flow of goods, both legal and illegal (Ritzer and Atalay, 102). David Harvey suggests that neoliberalism became a force as a result of the second world in order to restructure transnational relations (Ritzer and Atalay, 103). It is true that neoliberalism is a relatively new force, as it is unrecognized by many uneducated people, and is a term that is not yet even in the dictionary. As relations have been created and strengthened, the desire for cheap labor has expanded. Rich nations now turn to developing nations to produce their goods at a low cost, which is a phenomenon of the past sixty or so years. Nations also turn to poor nations for prostitutes, who there are easier to come by, less likely to be missed due to weaker police forces, and mostly unaware of the situations that they will ultimately face. The fact that neoliberalism is both a social and economic philosophy encourages a sharing of resources among different countries. After World War II, many people throughout the world turned to neoliberalism in order to battle rising rates of unemployment and inflation. Females who are deceived into being trafficked often do so in order to become employed. Through its offering of better opportunities, neoliberalism promotes a breeding ground for human trafficking. In her well-informed discussion of neoliberalism, Sarah Baab discusses how neoliberalism does not affect poor countries as much as it does wealthy countries. She states, â€Å"Most global trade and foreign direct investment occur among wealthy countries, rather than between wealthy and poor nations. Wealth and power continue to have their privileges, although there is no doubt that some of these privileges have been eroded for non-elites in developed countries† (Ritzer and Atalay, 131). Baab is correct when considering the legal trade that occurs in vast amounts due to neoliberalism. Her flaw in her argument is that she fails to take into account the illegal trades that thrive due to neoliberalism, at times producing the majority of wealth for developing countries. Drug trafficking, sex trafficking, labor trafficking, and the smuggling of illegal goods occur between all countries, not just the rich and the poor. In fact, the wealthier states are making developing countries richer, and thus more powerful through their importation of goods such as illegal drugs and human beings. There is a huge risk for society associated with a country gaining its wealth through something as despicable as the trade of a human being. Globalization creates this desire among humans in which people wish to improve their social standing through increasing their earnings. This pushes many females, who are often unskilled, to search for ways in which they can earn more money for themselves and their families. They are often lured by sex traffickers, who promise a luxurious lifestyle in an exotic location. Human trafficking can be considered a form of modern day slavery by some, as victims are brutalized, held against their own will, and forced into labor, be it physical labor or sexual humiliation. If human trafficking is to be viewed as slavery, then it can be said that there are currently hundreds of thousands of slaves present in the United States (Human Trafficking, 2011). However, the fact that human trafficking has no specific race or target demographic means that it is a broad issue not widely covered by the media. If victims all came from one area, then trafficking would be easier to prevent. However, human trafficking is a transnational problem. Victims come from all over the world, are transported around the globe, and often go unreported as missing. Human trafficking is a humanitarian crisis, yet the majority of people in developed nations tend to turn their heads because they view it as a crime that only occurs in poor, developing nations. Globalization is the term used to describe the process in which countries become connected through the process of free trade, free flow of capital, and cheaper foreign labor markets. Human trafficking, when viewed as a commodity, can fall under the category of both free trade as well as cheaper foreign markets. Global factors that have led to the increase in this trade are both war and militarism, as some of the most highly involved countries in the human trade have experienced war in recent years (Human Trafficking, 2011). Trafficking has not been as widely publicized in recent years due to other global issues, such as the financial collapse of 2007 or the war in Iraq. Globalization reduces borders, promotes free trade, increases transportation, and facilitates global communication. Each of these factors creates the ideal environment for the illegal trade of humans. Due to globalization, many developing countries experience an increased demand for cheap labor. The arms trade has been a threat to the security of nations, however human trafficking can also be viewed as a threat, as nations with few regulations in this lucrative and illegal industry may grow in both power and wealth. The unethical treatment of humans as slaves will lead to a world in which the most powerful nations are those who can provide sexual favors for the lowest price. Sexual exploitation among trafficked people creates a situation in which women and children are highly vulnerable to violence, sexually transmitted diseases, as well as HIV/AIDS (Human Trafficking, 2011). Globalization has created equal opportunities for criminals as it has for the average citizen. As much as globalization promotes the spread of knowledge throughout the world, it also promotes crime, corruption, and the spread of disease. Trafficking is one of the most difficult crimes to prosecute due to the fact that it is an illegal global trade, and thus crosses many borders. Sex trafficking is clearly a transnational organization. Thus, the fight against sex trafficking has also become a transnational organization. However, it is difficult to fight an organization when there is no single leader for police agencies to target. Victims of human trafficking are often unable to come forward to authorities for a number of reasons. They may be afraid to come forward at the risk of being deported and subject to additional violence and poverty. They are also unable to come forward due to language barriers. Victims of trafficking are virtually isolated from civilization outside of their forced labor or forced sexual exploitation, and are unaware of the fact that they can go to police and report crimes against them. In some of the worst cases, victims of trafficking are unaware of any other way of life, and are psychologically brainwashed to think that their situation is that of normalcy. Additionally, the problem of human trafficking has little awareness in comparison to other illegal activities, which makes it difficult to legislate laws in order to reduce and prevent human trafficking. Many victims face deportation if they come forward and report violence against them. In 2002, the U. S. Attorney General signed into legislation the â€Å"T† visa program, which granted a visa to victims of trafficking in return for aiding the prosecution in cases against criminals (U. S. Department of Homeland Security, 2011). One U. S. federal agency recently filed a lawsuit over the unequal treatment of migrant workers that legally entered the country. The workers were brought to the U. S. n order to harvest crops at minimum wage, however they have been forced to live in inhumane conditions while paying high recruitment fees, leading these immigrants to be classified as indentured servants by the EEOC (Al Jazeera, 2011). This example shows how criminals are finding loopholes in laws against human trafficking, which only proliferates the problem itself. It is already difficult to battle trafficking when it occurs within a single country’s borders due to the taboo natu re of the crime. It is exponentially more difficult to battle when trafficking becomes transnational, as there is no single organization available to protect against trafficking. In 2003, a trafficking protocol was enacted by the U. N. , which created an agreement among 117 countries on the proper definition of human trafficking (Human Trafficking, 2011). This protocol is a legally binding instrument, however it does not provide any set standards for prosecution of criminals involved in human trafficking. It is also difficult to prosecute trafficking criminals when they cross a number of national borders. Often, there is a lack of substantial evidence as well as an unwillingness of victims to come forward, and criminals are free to continue trafficking. It is difficult to fight this specific transnational crime due to its clandestine nature. Globalization not only increased human trafficking, but also has made it more difficult to prosecute due to increasing technology and knowledge. Human trafficking is a multi-billion dollar organization, and thus has more resources than any organization created to fight it. The United States has a number of organizations working together to battle trafficking domestically. The State Department, Homeland Security, Health and Human Services, as well as a number of other organizations play key roles in anti trafficking efforts. The President of the U. S. is authorized to impose sanctions against countries that do not meet minimum standards created by the trafficking protocol (Wagley, 2006). The U. S. government has authorized nearly $200 million annually in the past to battle domestic trafficking (Wagley, 2006). This number is clearly not significant enough to battle a multi-billion dollar industry. There is no governing body for the whole world. There are institutions that fight human trafficking throughout the world, such as amnesty international, however no one institution has the global resources or funds to battle this multi billion dollar institution composed of clandestine players. Due to the proliferation of globalization, women continue to be subject to increasing amounts of violence, sexual abuse. Victims of human trafficking are essentially stripped of their basic human rights. Globalization has contradicted the women’s rights movements in a number of different ways. As women in higher social standing experience increasing levels of social equality, women of low social classes are subject to degradation and harsh working conditions. Why is progress made in one area, whereas it is reverted in another? One factor that has led to women being subjected to the cruelty of human trafficking is the implementation of structural adjustment programs, which has forced many women and children into the unorganized work sector and deprived each segment of their basic human rights. Globalization has created an increasing problem of illegal immigration throughout the world. One reason for this is the rise of human trafficking. Victims are often brought into a country illegally, and earn little to no living wage, while pimps earn millions of tax-free dollars. Human trafficking is a factor that has led to the current global risk society, and has multiplied in the time of modernity. It is a clear violation of human rights that leads to an unethical society, both through the practice itself, as well as the fact that people turn their heads to this cruel and inhumane crime. The theory of globalization clearly has its advantages in the time of modernity, as it allows the diffusion of knowledge, the ease of transport, the rise and trade, and the increase in overall societal conditions. As has been discussed, these advantages are contradicted by practices of globalization that lower the human condition, such as human trafficking. The major problem with human trafficking is that people are not aware that it is a neoliberal problem. Human trafficking is no longer a crime of developing nations. It has become a multi billion-dollar industry that has spread through all countries throughout the world. Interconnectedness is a wonderful theory when it promotes free trade, however this interconnectedness has created a criminal activity in which there is no foreseeable end in sight. Bibliography: Al Jazeera. Workers Brought into US and exploited Americas Al Jazeera English. Al Jazeera English. 21 Apr. 2011. Web. 1 May 2011. . Globalization. Dictionary and Thesaurus. Merriam-Webster, 2011. Web. 30 Apr. 2011. . Human Trafficking. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. United Nations, 2011. Web. 27 Apr. 2011. . Human Trafficking Statistics. Polaris Project, 2007. Web. 1 May 2011. . Ritzer, George, and Zeynep Atalay. Readings in Globalization. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell 2010. Print. Victims of Human Trafficking: T Nonimmigrant Status. U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. U. S. Department of Homeland Security, 8 Apr. 2011. Web. 5 May 2011. . Wagley, John R. Transnational Organized Crime: Principal Threats and U. S. Responses. CRS Report for Congress. The Library of Congress, 20 Mar. 2006. Web. 1 May 2011. .

Age Conflict in Walden essays

Age Conflict in Walden essays Age Conflict in Walden Henry David Thoreau was a great American writer and philosopher, who was born in 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau wrote many beautiful writings and one of his writings is Walden. In Walden he rejects and ridicules all social and cultural values of society in which he lived. He ridicules fashion and rejects all kind of luxurious in life. He emphasizes the importance of a persons knowledge and skills, rather than his lifestyle and image. Thoreau believed in relaxation and simplicity, as he said: As for work, we havent any of any consequence. In his words you can also find a lot of controversy. The old have no very important advice to give the young(8 p), most will find it not reasonable and will argue with this idea. He writes, Old people did not know enough once, perchance, to fetch fresh fuel to keep the fire a-going; new people put a little dry wood under a pot, and are whirled round the globe with the speed of birds, in a way to kill old people, as the phrase is. They have no very important advice to give the young, their own experience has been so partial, and their lives has been such miserable failures for private reason, as they must believe.(8 p) He is trying to convince his readers that they shouldnt follow their elders way, not to follow your parents way. Perhaps he is right and we shouldnt follow somebodys way, then whose way we should follow? How would we know that the way of our living is right or wrong? Its a human nature to watch and learn. We dont have to imitate our parents or elders, we can just take some of their ideas and improve them, make them better. Once old people invented the simple wagon without any engine that was pulled by horses, young people liked the idea, improved it and now we are driving fast and comfortable automobiles. The...

A Reminder About Crowdfunding

A Reminder About Crowdfunding Most emails I receive from readers about finding funds, request sources of grants. Grants to pay them to write, travel, or research. Most of the time, these are first-time book creators, calling from the great sea of the unpublished. And each time I have to tell them that unless they have other skills, experience, or notoriety about the subject matter, nobody wants to issue a grant to a novice to write. Remember, the grant provider needs to sparkle from your success, and ride on your coattails. They dont just write checks for the fun of it. Then I suggest crowdfunding as an alternative. Why? 1) Crowdfunding teaches you how to promote yourself. 2) Crowdfunding teaches you how to build a platform. 3) Crowdfunding teaches you how to develop a following. 4) Crowdfunding teaches you how to budget. 5) Crowdfunding teaches you entrepreneurialship. Where can you find crowdfunding? Start here: 10 Crowdfunding Platforms for Writers    As a matter of fact, you can see a very simple crowdfunding campaign And take a look at a more complicated campaign at Kickstarter.com where Crystal Sully wants to publish The Untamed Beastiary: A Field Guide to Marvelous Monsters. She has 780 pledges with a week to go. She requested $7,535, and the pledges to date amount to $47,625. And there are every size, shape, and subject to learn from in visiting these crowdfunding sites. Look under publishing. See what makes for a successful campaign. Find fund projects to support. I adore perusing crowdfunding sites and aiding others. I might not give each one more than $10, but Ive aided a writers creative endeavor.   Its a great way to give back AND learn how to manage a campaign of your own.

Hot summer helps butterfly numbers critique Essay

Hot summer helps butterfly numbers critique - Essay Example Richard Fox the manager of the survey believes that during the summer a majority of the insects were in their early developmental stages and the perfect temperature conditions assisted in their survival and finally gave rise to a large number of adults. The article also confirms that the perfect weather conditions were responsible for attracting immigrant butterflies such as painted lady, clouded yellow, silver Y moth and the rare long-tailed blue. Participants in the survey were asked to look for 21 common butterfly species and the final results saw 15 of these species growing in numbers. 12 out of these 15 species showed a growth of over 50% while only 4 species – the ringlet, marbled white, meadow brown and six-spot burnet moth, showed decrease in their numbers. Mr. Fox inferred that the species which showed decreases in their numbers were ones which have just a single generation every year. Therefore, the number of these species represented the direct offsprings of their p arents who had been counted in the last year. However, he confirms that even though the parental numbers in the last count was large, there must have been decline in breeding success giving rise to lower number of off-springs. The article concludes with the fact that the weather cannot help increase numbers forever and that the number of butterflies in the U.K is gradually declining and the sole way of redressing this problem is to conserve the habitats and inhibit destruction of their range. The author of the article is absolutely accurate in drawing conclusions that butterflies are temperature dependent. Survivorship of butterflies depend on this since if the temperature is not high enough butterflies make the butterflies â€Å"more susceptible to predation during roosting and basking periods when they are unable to attain the body temperature needed for vigorous flight† ( Kingsolver,1985,p13). Hence a decrease in adult population would automatically decrease the population size. Another important role of temperature is its role in fecundity. A study conducted by Karlsson and Wiklund showed that lifelong fecundity of butterflies in relation to temperature was bell shaped where for open landscape butterflies fecundity was optimal at around 30 degrees (Karlsson & Wiklund,2005,p99).Studies also suggest that butterfly fecundity is controlled by temperature at two stages- egg maturation and female ovipositing (Berger et al,2008,p523). Therefore it is obvious, that since butterflies are temperature dependent, high numbers of emigration as observed because of the prevalent heat wave in the region which attracted butterflies from less suitable weather regions. The article also suggests a solution to the declination in the number of butterflies in the U.K. i.e. prohibiting habitat destruction. It is true that destruction of natural habitat has been the primary reason for decline of the butterfly population. Species richness of butterflies has decreased rapidly in places where habitat destruction is highest (Forister et al, 2010, p2088). Climate change has also been a major cause of habitat destruction since the changes in climatic conditions alters the vegetation of the habitats and destruction of the biotopes that the butterflies are accustomed to thereby hastening butterfly

Critical Annotated Bibliography Tranexamic Acid Essay

Critical Annotated Bibliography Tranexamic Acid - Essay Example Amandip Singh is also a doctor in the department of anaesthesiology at DMCH. The researchers assert that tranexamic acid significantly decreases blood loss after operation and reduces the need for blood transfusion among students after undergoing total knee replacement (TKR).According to the researchers, Tranexamic acid, which is a synthetic derivative of amino acid lysine, is an effective antifibrinolytic agent. The acid is may reversibly block lysine-binding sites on the plasminogen molecules, thus hinder the formation of plasmin. Other researchers have showed increased use of tranexamic acid in orthopaedic surgery due to its safety, efficacy and low cost. The research was conducted in a tertiary health care facility after obtaining approval from the hospital heath ethics committee with informal consent taken from patients involved in the study. The researchers used randomized double-blinded study involving 40 patients scheduled to undergo unilateral TKR for osteoarthritis. Three s urgeons who had experience in the field to ensure validity of the test conducted the study. The first half of the population was injected with 10mg/kg of tranexamic acid. Conversely, the placebo group underwent the same procedure only that normal saline was used instead of tranexamic acid. ... It was concluded that routine administration of the acid was beneficial to patients undergoing operation. The limitation of the research is that it involved a limited number of populations. Also, the researchers did not monitor the plasminogen levels, D-dimer, thromboelastography, and fibrin degradation products. In addition, the researchers failed to measure hemoglobin levels of transfused blood and weigh sponges, which could have affected the accuracy of calculations. The text did not have sufficient clinical evidence and literature supporting the use of tranexamic acid in preventing preoperative blood loss. The relevance and usefulness of the text to my research is that it informed on the importance of the Tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss during operations in patients. Sekhavat, L., Tabatabaii, A., Dalili, M., Farajkhoda, T., & Tafti, A. (2009). Efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss after cesarean section. The Journal Of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. Vol. 22(1), 72-75. The authors of this research journal are medical practitioners at the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Shahod Sehud Hospita, and Health Services, Yard, Iran. They have the ability to produce credible research that can be used in any academic research. The argument presented by the researchers is that cesarean section (CS) rate has been on the increase among women delivering and that CS posse many complications as compared to the normal vaginal birth due to complications related to postpartum bleeding. The medications that have been used to reduce bleeding include prostaglandins, oxytocin, and methylergonovine. The researchers however feel that tranexamic acid, a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine that has been applied for several years in the

Seek feedback Essay Example for Free

Seek feedback Essay Seek feedback from people that you know about a task that you regularly carry out. This might be a task that you carry out at work. If so, you should seek feedback from employees, clients and colleagues. Alternately, this might be a task you carry out in your day-to-day life, such as driving a car or making dinner. If so you should seek feedback from friends and family members. How would you ensure that the feedback you receive is useful? How would you use this feedback to identify and develop ways to improve competence in the task you have selected? I have recently been learning to drive a manual car and have been getting lots of feedback from my instructor each lesson I have. While I already no how to drive automatic my focus is mainly based on driving the actual car itself. The feedback I receive is always positive on weather it is something I have done well or need to work on. They include: †¢1st gear I need to practice taking off in first gear as I tend to stall a lot, I can do this by feeling the point of which the clutch grabs and the car starts moving without acceleration. At this point I can then slowly accelerate and release the clutch simultaneously †¢Clutch – again feeling the point of which the clutch grabs. †¢Gear transitions – I need to work on smoother gear transitions whilst in movement. This is done with practice, watching revs and taking my time. †¢Stopping – working on coming to a stop by using my engine, this is done by knowing what limits a certain gear has and when I can drop back without revving the car to high as this could cause damage. †¢Changing gear while turning a corner – this is difficult at first as you are trying to not only steer but also change gears with the other hand. Also just takes practice. †¢Reversing – I have the same problem here as in first gear as I am just dong the opposite. Just need to know where the point of grab is in my clutch. By continuing to have lessons and perhaps finding a family friend to teach me also, with enough practice I should be able to master the task of learning to drive a manual with ease. I can insure that the feedback I receive is useful by : †¢Asking for specific examples, rather then generalisations. †¢Ask for explanations on their feedback they have given. †¢Ask for information on specific situations.

Candide Essay -- essays research papers

CANDIDE By Voltaire   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout Candide the author, Voltaire, demonstrates the character’s experiences in a cruel world and his fight to gain happiness. In the beginning Candide expects to achieve happiness without working for his goal and only taking the easy way out of all situations. However, by the end of the book the character realized that to achieve happiness a lot of work, compromises, and sacrifices are necessary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Candide is a person of privilege who began life in the Castle of Westphalia. While a part of the castle-life, Candide was taught by Dr. Pangloss. Pangloss is a philosopher who teaches there is a cause for all things and that everything is all for the good, even though a person may not understand it at the time. Suddenly, however, Candide is exiled from the privileged confines of the castle when he is caught kissing Cunegonde, the daughter of the Baron. Upon his exile Candide immediately begins to face adversities. Candide finds himself in the army simply because he is the right size. His life in the army is nothing but turmoil and hardship. Despite the misfortunes of army life, Candide continues to believe there is a cause and effect for all things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After leaving the army, Candide once again is paired with his mentor Dr. Pangloss. Pangloss is now a diseased beggar. Pangloss is soon cured of his disease and he and Candide are befriended by a charitable Anabaptist. ...

Employment Rights and Responsibilities Essay

1.1 Below is a list of the aspects of employment covered by law: Minimum wage Hours worked Discrimination Health and safety Holiday entitlements Redundancy and dismissal Training Disciplinary procedures Union rights and consultation Maternity leave Read more: List the aspects of employment covered by law essay 1.2 Below is a list of the main features of current employment legislation Employment Act 1996 Equalities and Discrimination laws Employment Act 2008 Health and safety legislation at work Act 1974 1.3 Why do legislation relating to employment exists? The reason employment law exist is to stop the exploitation of workers by their employers, and to ensure that the employees rights are being followed. If these law didn’t exists them employer would be took advantage of and may not be treated correctly and fairly. The laws cover all aspects that could arise, weither this involves age, gender, disability. The laws protect employees from unfair bosses. if there wasn’t laws then there would be no rules, and companies could do whatever they want. These legislation are also in place to support employers. 1.4 Below are sources and types of information and advice available in relation to employment responsibilities and rights: There are many places you can get information from these could include: †¢Web sites †¢Books †¢Colleagues †¢Manager †¢Information leaflets †¢Citizens Advice Bureau †¢unions 2.1 Describe the terms and conditions of own contract of employment My contract of employment covers Job Location, as regards to where I am based in my employment. A job description, which describes the duties and responsibilities of my role as a care assistant , Probationary period, this confirms length of probationary period which is 3 month then a full contract will be offered , it will include what is expected of me within that period and also what happens at the end of the probationary period. A description of how much I will be paid, any possible pay raises dependant on gaining certain qualifications. Payroll procedures, this describes how I will be paid, how often and when I will be paid, pay slip information, about the company’s rights to make deductions if over paid or if you left and owed holiday/money for training or CRB. It will also include information about Hours, this is information on hours I am expected to do and break entitlements. It will describe my holiday entitlement, how to book it and when the leave year commences and ends. It will also include information on length of notice needed to terminate employment by myself or company. It includes information on training states that I am required to attend mandatory training and about the possibilities of further training. Sickness arrangements, details the procedure to follow if I am ill and statutory sick pay entitlements. Confidentiality is included explain the need for  confidentiality due to sensitive nature of the business whilst working and after leaving. Data protection, informs of the need for the company to hold personal information on you. 2.2 Describe the information shown on our own pay statement There is a lot of information shown on your pay statement, the amount of wage before any deduction (gross wage) and also your wage after deductions, the amount of tax and national insurance you have paid, your pay statement will also include your national insurance number, your tax code, your pay rate and also any additional information regarding your pay for example sick pay, holiday pay and over time. 2.3 The procedure to follow in event of a grievance When you have a grievance, you should write to your employer giving them details of your grievance. Include in your letter how you would like your employer to resolve the problem. Date the letter and keep a copy for yourself. Your employer should arrange an initial meeting to discuss your grievance. The main purpose of the meeting should be to establish the facts and find a way to resolve the problem. You have a legal right to take a representative to the meeting with you. To exercise this right, you must make a request to your employer that someone comes with you. Your representative could be, a colleague, union official, or solicitor. After the meeting your employer should, without unreasonable delay, write to you with their decision. They should set out, where appropriate, what action they intend to take to resolve the grievance. 2.4 Identify the personal information that must be kept up to date with own employer There are several things that must be kept up to date with your employer these include: †¢ Name †¢ Address †¢ next of kin †¢ contact number †¢ Education and qualifications 1. List the types of information that are held on your personal record and say why you think they are needed Data an employer can keep about an employee includes: Name Address Date of birth Sex Education and qualifications Work experience National Insurance number Tax code Details of any known disability Emergency contact details They will also keep details about an employee such as: Employment history with the organisation Employment terms and conditions Any accidents connected with work Any training taken Any disciplinary action 2. Who should you inform if you are changing your personal details? You should always keep your employer informed of any changes in your personal details so that their records are up to date and correct, if you have a change in personal details you should inform your manager as soon as  possible so that they information they have for you is correct, this is very important in case of an emergency. 3. How should your records be stored and who has a right to see them? Your personal records should be stored safely and securely they should be locked away so that no one can read them, if they are stored on a computer the computer should be password protected. Only your employer and yourself have a right to see your personal records unless you give permission for other people to see them. 2.5 Explain agreed ways of working with employer The agreed ways of working are the codes and policies provided by the employer for the care worker to follow these will include legislation, codes of conducts and employer’s policies and procedures that all care workers should follow when working in a care home setting. It is the responsibility of the care workers to work within the policy guidelines provided and also to ensuring that they are working at the standard expected of them, it is a legal requirement to follow policies and procedures.

Confucian Philosophy in the Han Dynasty Essay

This paper will evaluate a brief evaluation of the rise of the Han Dynasty and how Confucian corresponds with it. With included references to authors, Tanner, Liang, Dubs, and Wang, will supply knowledge regarding to Sima Qian’s historical points, incorporation of Confucian principles within the Han Dynasty and the emperor, and within the social lives and families. I will highlight some of the major points of beneficial factors to Confucian thought as well as a brief opinion on how it isn’t always good to base a society of false claims regarding to divinity and how the society originated. However, I hope to make clear a better understanding on why and how the Chinese people in general came to be in current day China. â€Å"Before the founding of the Han dynasty, thinkers of every stripe cited the Five Classics to legitimate their ideas, but the transmission of the Zhou’s cultural heritage was not clearly documented until Sima Qian (second century B. C. E. ) traced the study of the Five Classics back to Confucius. Sima Qian finished an essay called â€Å"The Collective Biographies of Confucians,† which â€Å"summarizes classical learning from the beginning of the Western Han to the end of the reign of Emperor Wu. † He is considered the first great exemplar of the Chinese historical tradition; however, before he was able to finish his works and had angered the emperor, he took the option of being castrated over controversial writings about a general that had been defeated and surrendered to the Xiongnu, to finish his writings. Sima Qian was a man dedicated to his work for which he chose castration over having to commit suicide. â€Å"The style of Sima Qian’s work was didactic, its purpose to communicate the moral lessons of the past. ’ â€Å"In both its organization and its approach to history, the ‘Records of the Grand Historian’ served as a model for all subsequent officially sanctioned Chinese historical writing. † Ban Gu eventually took up Sima Qian’s work in 90 B. C. , although he was imprisoned at first for his unauthorized history of the Han emperor, but was freed later due to the emperor’s liking of his work. Regardless whether the historical contexts of both Ban Gu and Sima Qian, it shows that the histories were often dishonest due to the preferences of the elite, but as Ban Gu was pardoned, there might be more truth to what the Han’s historical past entails. â€Å"It was during the former Han period that Confucianism developed from being the teaching of a few pedants in a semi-retirement, at the end of the Chou period, to become the official philosophy of the government, which had to be adopted by anyone who hoped to enter public life. Although it was a gradual process, early Han emperors embraced Confucianism by incorporating its teachings in education and establishing a Confucian Imperial University, which ultimately distributed literati among offices in the government. As this concept became bigger and more popular among the elite, the development of the examination became prominent as there was a high importance of literary ability and Confucian training, to be able to obtai n a position within a government entity. It was believed that with all of the claimed advantages of Confucianism, â€Å"unifying the country intellectually by making one system of thought current among all educated men led to the elevation of Confucianism. † In 141 B. C. , Tung Chung-shu, advocated a principle to Emperor Wu that all non-Confucian philosophies should be destroyed with intellectual unification of the country—Emperor Wu did act upon this by proscribing Legalism and elevating Confucians to be his highest officials. With the rise of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty, it not only effected the elites’ primary preferences for what should be within the government body, but it also effected the view of the emperor himself. The conception of the central government of the Han Dynasty from a Confucian perspective was that the ruler must be a man, be of noble origin, ordained by Heaven, having great wisdom and virtue, and must be a ruler that is â€Å"all-under-Heaven. † To strengthen the claim to the throne, â€Å"all the rulers of China before Liu Pang were believed to have been of divine origin. â€Å"However, the living Han ruler, like the rulers of other dynasties, was not regarded as a god, nor was any worship instituted for him. † It was common practice, as in all histories, to have a greater social distance between those who command and those who obey, often times through rituals and ceremonies. The Confucian scholars introduced ceremonies in 201 B. C. which was considered necessary for a new ruler to elevate to an â€Å"unapproachable position. † This of course resulted in the emperor or ruler to be catapulted into the highest authority. Much like in other empires, that due to this common practice of using divinity as the main aspect of the throne, that anyone who goes against, protests, or is considered disrespectful, most often paid the price through draconian laws and usually sentenced to death. The morality of Confucian belief as it was incorporated into the social lives of the common people, also included what the roles should be within the family. Ban Zhao (48? -116? CE), historian Ban Gu’s sister, was famous for her writings on the expected roles of women in Han society. Ban Zhao believed that it was the husband’s duty to control while the wife serves him, but at the same time the wife would be allowed to be educated and literate. Ban Zhao further mentions that the husband and wife must play their roles, but men have the ultimate responsibility to control and to have authority. She further continues, â€Å"If women are to understand and perform their expected roles, then they must learn to read so that they can learn from the same ritual texts as men do. † This all of course is stemming and adding to the Confucian ideology. Perhaps, even though she was a remarkable matriarchal woman, she believed that this ideology is a cornerstone for maintaining a strong and healthy nuclear family environment. In conclusion, it is very apparent that Confucian ideology was the main stronghold for both the Eastern and Western Han Dynasty. Confucianism, with Sima Qian, Ban Gu, Ban Zhao, and a collaboration of other historians, had a major influence on how the elitists, the government, and the common people, were to go about their daily lives and follow what was considered a respectable social order at that time. The ideology of Confucianism built a halo around the emperor to catapult him to a position of higher order, causing the people to look up to him rather than revolt against him for being in a position undeserving. As with many empires, which all rise and fall at some point, the elitists and the emperor always has a philosophical tale which tries to explain where its origins came from, sometimes referring the emperor as a god himself. In essence, there is usually no ground proof what the true history was, mostly due to the perversion of some historians’ ideology relating to their religious affiliations. Perhaps too, with fear of draconian laws and punishment, especially with low self-esteem and high-ego type of authority, that history in itself will only boil down to â€Å"his story. † Regardless, despite whether or not the histories of Confucianism and the Han Dynasty are valid, there is strong evidence that the Confucian principles still exist today as we see in the current-day Chinese culture regarding to the social lives and families of many.

Boisterous Badgers Getting To Big For T Essays

Boisterous Badgers Getting To Big For T Essays Boisterous Badgers Getting To Big For T Essays Boisterous Badgers getting to Big for their Boots You lounge lazily at your desk watching the clock hands taunt you as they cluelessly crawl from number to number. All you want is to go home to your inviting, warm, cosy home with a thick juicy steak waiting for your arrival. Once the steak is demolished you can take the weight off your feet by relaxing on your soft sofa with a nice, hot cup of tea. Nevertheless; with tens of thousands of cows dyeing every year due to tuberculosis this may soon not be a reality. Tuberculosis- otherwise known as TB is a bacterial infection being rapidly spread by badgers to cattle and even humans. How can we prevent this you may wonder? The simple solution is Badger culling. Badger culling is a method used in parts of the country to reduce the number of badgers in aid of trying to control the serious spread of the deadly disease tuberculosis. There are many people against the idea of ‘culling badgers’ but the way I see it is that cows give us milk and meat which is produce we can buy, sell, eat and drink while badgers do absolutely nothing for society or the industry; in fact the only thing they appear to be good at is destroying my bleeding garden. Most families drink at least three to four gallons per week, some having there’s delivered to their door while others do the dreaded weekly shop to the stressful supermarket, but at the end of the day the milk all comes from the same place; you’ve got it Sherlock it’s from our cows. The farmer makes his money to support himself and his family by rearing up cattle to either slaughter for meat or use to produce milk. If all it takes is to kill the boring badgers helping us in no way whatsoever why would we sacrifice our cows. Another thing we must think about is if all the cows do die then the fearful farmers will not be making any money consequently he or she will be out of a job, which may lead to them selling their house and moving to the city to come for all of our jobs. Following on from that point; if they do unfortunately lose their home, the council will be coming for all of our money by raising the tax to support them. Is this what you really want for you and your

Fun Facts About Thresher Sharks

Fun Facts About Thresher Sharks Are you ready to learn a few thresher shark facts? There are several to share about this popular type of shark. The most notable feature of thresher shark is the long, whip-like upper lobe of their tail, which is known as the caudal fin. In total, there are three species of thresher sharks: The common thresher (Alopias vulpinus), pelagic thresher (Alopias pelagicus) and the bigeye thresher (Alopias superciliosus). What a Thresher Shark Looks Like Thresher sharks have big eyes, a small mouth, large pectoral fins, first dorsal fin, and pelvic fins. They have a small second dorsal fin (near their tail) and anal fins. Their most noticeable characteristic, as noted above, is that the top lobe of their tail is unusually long and whip-like. This tail may be used to herd and stun small fish, upon which it preys. Depending on the species, thresher sharks may be gray, blue, brown, or purplish. They have light gray to white coloring below their pectoral fins. They can grow to a maximum of about 20 feet in length. These sharks are sometimes seen jumping out of the water and may be confused with other marine mammals. Classifying the Thresher Shark Here is how the thresher shark is scientifically classified: Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ChondrichthyesSubclass: ElasmobranchiiOrder: LamniformesFamily: AlopiidaeGenus: AlopiasSpecies: vulpinus, pelagicus or superciliosus More Thresher Shark Facts A few more fun facts about thresher sharks include the following: Thresher sharks are widely distributed across the worlds temperate and subtropical oceans.Thresher sharks eat schooling fish, cephalopods, and sometimes crabs and shrimp.Thresher sharks reproduce each year and are ovoviviparous, meaning that eggs develop inside the mothers body, but the young are not attached by a placenta. The embryos feed on eggs in the uterus. After nine months of gestation, females give birth to two to seven live young who are three to five feet long at birth.According to the International Shark Attack File, thresher sharks are not commonly involved in shark attacks.NOAA estimates that populations of Pacific thresher sharks are above target levels, but lists the status of common threshers in the Atlantic as unknown.Thresher sharks may be caught as bycatch and hunted recreationally.According to the Florida Museum of Natural History, thresher shark meat and fins are valuable, their skin can be made into leather and the oil in their liver can be used for vitamins. Sources: Compagno, L., Dando, M. and S. Fowler. 2005. Sharks of the World. Princeton University Press.Jordan, Vaness. Thresher Shark (Online). Florida Museum of Natural History Icthyology Department. Accessed August 8, 2011.NOAA. 2011. FishWatch: Atlantic Common Thresher Shark (Online). NOAA. Accessed August 8, 2011.NOAA. 2011. FishWatch: Pacific Common Thresher Shark (Online). NOAA. Accessed August 8, 2011.World Register of Marine Species. 2011. Thresher Shark Species List. Accessed August 8, 2011.

Performance and Human Resource Development Essay

Performance and Human Resource Development - Essay Example Performance management is a process that starts with hiring and continues year after year through planning, task assignment and review, performance evaluation, assessment of potential and recognition. It is a method through which management plans and executes strategy in the most effective way. The aspects that distinguish this process are: †¢Ã‚  PLANNING – Work is planned, keeping in mind objectives of the organization, and goals are set for the teams as well as individuals. A vital part of performance management, it can be made more effective with active participation of the personnel who will be responsible for execution of the plan. †¢Ã‚  MONITIORING – Progress on all activities, assignments and projects is regularly monitored. This takes into account individual and group capability, workload and division of work. Keeping track of trends and corrective action based on progress and employee feedback, norms this part. †¢Ã‚  DEVELOPING – Entails development of skills of employees to enhance their abilities to perform through education and training in existing areas and acquisition of new skills. It also involves simplification and improvement of work processes and methods productivity while simultaneously creating a motivating atmosphere at the workplace. †¢Ã‚  MOTIVATING – Keeping the morale of the employees up and motivating them to perform the given tasks with enthusiasm, care and diligence. The provision of good and friendly working atmosphere, unbiased and fair handling (perceived and actual) of all situations., maintaining good discipline, timely feedback and empowerment are some of the tools used.RATING – Is used for summarizing employees’ performance, it allows for comparison of the performance of the employee over time as well as with other employees. Performance appraisal in a structured manner helps in rating of employees to identify high performers and those who need further inputs to help them achieve targets set. REWARING – Appreciation of good performance and censure of poor performance form this part of the process. Appreciation and censure may take many forms like formal positive reception, salary hikes, promotions, lateral multitasking, demotions and outright termination of employment.Management of performance of employees thus forms the core of efficient and competent organizations. Goals are set and work planned out in detail with time frames established usually with the involvement of the individuals and groups concerned, standards are set while keeping in view skills required and capabilities of the individuals assigned to meet them.Performance AppraisalPerformance assessment or appraisal is a process of audit of the effectiveness of each employee. It may be viewed as a contract between the organization and the employee explicitly

Interpretation of Regression Results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Interpretation of Regression Results - Essay Example For the hypothesis to be true, the signs of the coefficients are expected to be positive. The positive coefficient signs would indicate the positive relationship between the independent variables (temperature, humidity, wind and dummy variables) and the dependent variable (bundled load). Coefficients: The signs of all coefficients of variables are positive whereas, that of intercept is negative. The negative value of coefficient of intercept means that the regression line intersects with Y-axis below zero. The positive signs and significant values of coefficients reflect a positive relation between the dependent and independent variables. The value of coefficient of temperature is 47.64. It means that if temperature or x1 variable increases by 1 degree Fahrenheit, the bundled load will increase by 47.64 Megawatt/hour provided all other variables are constant. If humidity increases by 1 percent, the bundled load will increase by 11.52 Megawatt/hour. Similarly, if wind speed increases by 1 mph, the bundled load will increase by 10.15 Megawatt/hour. Moreover, the coefficient of dummy1 is zero, showing no relation between the dummy1 and bundled load whereas; the coefficient of dummy2 is 49.73, showing a positive relation between dummy2 and bundled load. The standard error shows the amount of variability of the data points around the regression line and in this regression analysis, the standard errors for all the variables is very small. The small values of the standard errors show that the data points are closely distributed around the regression line. The value of p is greater than 0.05 for three independent variables including temperature, humidity and wind speed. However, for the dummy1, it is zero and for dummy2, it is less than 0.05. If the p-values for all the variables would have been equal or less than 0.0, then the null

Professionalism and the Accounting Profession Essay

Professionalism and the Accounting Profession - Essay Example This avoidance of their core responsibility is therefore described as being ethically incorrect. Engaging in activities that are contrary to social expectations is unprofessional (Johnson 1982, p. 267) Instituting initiatives whose main aim is to violate the existing rules and regulations is as well unethical and unprofessional. The available information and research findings have indicated that accounting firms in developed countries such as the United States of America and the United Kingdom have over the years devised schemes intended at impeding their role of paying taxes to the state. This evasion plays a significant role in spoiling the image of the accounting profession that was once held in high regard. Clever accountancy initiatives aim at fulfilling selfish interests of individuals and firms that seek to evade paying taxes (Habermas, 1976). In this way, clever accountancy does not support state projects and interest. The accounting profession claims to be high in profession alism. However the sale of tax evasion schemes casts them in negative light as regards their claims to professionalism. In application of the Weberian theory, paying taxes is a daily noble responsibility of everyone in the society. Weber describes that the daily activities of individuals in society is defined by practical rationality. Former American President Franklin Roosevelt once said that taxes are the â€Å"dues that we paid for the privileges of membership in an organized society†. Paying taxes is therefore considered a noble activity that one would engage in. In fact, a vast majority of business persons and private individuals pay their taxes effectively and... This essay aims to define clever accountancy, how it came about, how it serves the public interest and how it is cursed by the tax collector. The researcher of this essay also points out how it has massively affected the public image of the accounting profession. In this regard, different academic theories were cited to explain how clever accountancy has led to professionals being painted in bad light. Historical as well as contemporary evidence were documented to support some claims and opinions. The essay, among all other things, discusses how accounting could be done more professionally today. Clever accountancy was at first seen to enhance professionalism in the accounting field. It has, however, played as paying taxes is a major ethical responsibility of the members of the society to the state. Everyone in the society has an important part to play in paying taxes to enhance service delivery. However, accounting firms constantly use their social position and influence in the econ omy to evade their core responsibility of paying taxes. The researcher then concluds that accounting profession is the major culprit in the evil when it comes to unethical practice as it is often the main tool of the crime. A change for the better for the profession can help in alleviating the problem. The accounting profession, as indicated earlier, wields a lot of power in the current world. With such power it ought to be on the frontline in championing for positive social ideals. This can have ripple effects considering the power it has.

Challenges Facing Airport Management

Challenges Facing Airport Management Air travel remains a large and growing industry. It facilitates economic growth, world trade, international investment and tourism and is therefore central to the globalization taking place in many other industries which results in various challenges the airport authorities are facing in the 21st century. In the past 10 years, air travel has grown by 7% per year. Travel for both business and leisure purposes grew strongly worldwide. Scheduled airlines carried 1.5 billion passengers last year. In the leisure market, the availability of large aircraft such as the AIBUS 380 made it convenient and affordable for people to travel further to new and exotic destinations. As the economies of developing countries grow, their own citizens are already becoming the new international tourists of the future. There are various Challenges facing Airport management in the 21st Century. Different airports have different problems but one thing is for sure that some of the issues like the core issues remain the same. These are basically security of the airport especially after the 9/11 attack on US soils and the ic184 hijack in Katmandu. The rise in people travelling through the air travel has also lead to increase the facilities at the airport and new planes like A380 aircraft which results the airport to increase its infracture of the airport right from the runway to the passengers lounges to the aerobridges. As more and more companies are buying A380 there would be large requirement for the airports to upgrade their facilities according to the requirements. Bigger the infracture, more the passengers traveling bigger the facelift of the airport required and more up gradation of the facilities like parking of the passenger cars. Let us start of with the various security issues the airports are facing around the world. Large numbers of people pass through airports. This presents potential targets for terrorism and other forms of crime due to the number of people located in a small area. Similarly, the high concentration of people on large airlines, the potential high death rate with attacks on aircraft, and the ability to use a hijacked airplane as a lethal weapon may provide an alluring target for terrorism. Airport security attempts to prevent would-be attackers from bringing weapons or bombs into the airport. If they can succeed in this, then the chances of these devices getting on to aircraft are greatly reduced. As such, airport security serves several purposes: To protect the airport from attacks and crime and to protect the aircraft from attack, and to reassure the travelling public that they are safe. Process and equipment Some incidents have been the result of travelers being permitted to carry either weapons or items that could be used as weapons on board aircraft so that they could hijack the plane. Travelers are screened by metal detectors. Explosion detection machines used include x-ray machines. Explosive detection machines can also be used for both carry on and checked baggage. These detect volatile compounds given off from explosives. A recent development is the controversial use of full body scanners to detect hidden weapons and explosives on passengers. These devices require that the passenger stand close to a flat panel and produce a high resolution image. There are misunderstandings about how x-ray backscatter personnel scanners function, but they do use ionizing radiation and the x-rays emitted from them penetrate skin as well as clothing. While the risk of cancer from a single backscatter check is probably low, the cumulative risk of repeated exposure to radiation is a threat to public he alth, especially for people working in the airline industry and frequent travelers. A technology released in Israel in early 2008 allows passengers to pass through metal detectors without removing their shoes a process required as walk-though gate detectors are not reliable in detecting metal in shoes or on the lower body extremities. Alternately, the passengers step fully shod onto a device which scans in under 1.2 seconds for objects as small as a razor blade. Generally people are screened through airport security into areas where the exit gates to the aircraft are located. These areas are often called secure, sterile and airside. Passengers are discharged from airliners into the sterile area so that they usually will not have to be re-screened if disembarking from a domestic flight; however they are still subject to search at any time. Airport food outlets have started using plastic glasses and utensils as opposed to glasses made out of glass and utensils made out of metal to reduce the usefulness of such items as weapons. In the United States non-passengers were once allowed on the concourses to meet arriving friends or relatives at their gates, but this is greatly restricted now in the United States. Non-passengers must obtain a gate pass to enter the secure area of the airport. The most common reasons that a non-passenger may obtain a gate pass is to assist children and the elderly as well as for attending business meetings that take place in the secure area of the airport. In the United States, at least 24 hours notice is generally required for those planning to attend a business meeting inside the secure area of the airport. Other countries, such as Australia do not yet restrict non-travelers from accessing the airside area, however non-travelers are typically subject to the same security scans as travelers. Sensitive areas in airports, including airport ramps and operational spaces, are restricted from the general public. Called a SIDA Security Identification Display Area, these spaces require special qualifications to enter. In some countries, specially trained individuals may engage passengers in a conversation to detect threats rather than solely relying on equipment to find threats. In the United States the TSA has run several dummy tests in several major airports to measure the success of catching people with bombs. In 2002, the TSA reported that roughly 60% of fake bombs or component parts to bombs were missed by covert screeners. In 2007, that percentage rose to 75%, although this increase alone is misleading. The tests are done by using undercover agents to carry fake bombs/parts in their carryon luggage and counting how many are successful with getting through security checkpoints. The TSA runs covert tests every day and when a screener misses an undercover agent carrying dangerous items, they are immediately sent to remedial training. Throughout the world, there have been a few dozen airports that have instituted a version of a trusted traveler program. Proponents argue that security screening can be made more efficient by detecting the people that are threats, and then searching them. They argue that searching trusted, verified individuals should not take the amount of time it does. Critics argue that such programs decrease security by providing an easier path to carry contraband through. Another critical security measure utilized by several regional and international airports is the use of fiber optic perimeter intrusion detection systems. These security systems allow airport security to locate and detect any intrusion on the airport perimeter, ensuring real-time, immediate intrusion notification that allows security personnel to assess the threat and track movement and engage necceassary security procedures. This has notably been utilized at Dulles International Airport and US Military JFPASS. Developing countries like india which have a high rate of terrorists attack have a very extensive way of dealing with security of the airport. : Security at the Indira Gandhi International Airport has been revamped with the integration of anti-sabotage detection and intrusion systems of both international and domestic terminals along with the anti-terror commando squad. After the commissioning of the world class T3 terminal on July 3 by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, the security of the airport will be brought under a unified monitoring system known as the Security Operations Control Centre (SOCC). Entry, frisking, scanning, baggage checking, anti-sabotage and quick reaction deployment will be brought under a single umbrella. The new control centre, aided by improved scanning and surveillance software and hardware, will be monitored by the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) which is the agency protecting the sensitive airport and its periphery. The ambitious and much-awaited Perimeter Intrusion Detection System (PIDS) to secure 37 kms of the airport periphery from illegal intruders will also be connected to the SOCC, a senior airport security officer said. With the security management of both the domestic and international terminals coming under an umbrella, the facility would enable a better coordination for security of passengers and other airport staff, the officer said. A special squad of the National Security Guard (NSG) black cat commandos, stationed at a newly-built airbase next to the airport, will also be associated to the new control centre. A host of new services like the Delhi Metros airport link will connect to the airport and hence the multi-tasking of security drills will grow manifold. The integrated security terminal will help in achieving the daunting task, the officer said. The control centre will also monitor the almost 3,000 CCTV cameras and 352 screening machines spread across the sprawling airport premises. The new terminal would be able to handle as many as 34 million passengers per annum against the present 26 million, as it would have eight levels with a built-up area of 5.5 million sq ft. It would have a common check-in concourse with 168 counters and 24 mobile ones apart from the most modern five level in-line baggage system for faster processing. Around 5000 CISF personnel will be deputed at the IGI airport in view of the new T3 terminal and the forthcoming Commonwealth Games. Large Size of A380 Brings Large Challenges The A380 is expected to impact the industry in two ways. On the one hand, the immense capacity of the aircraft opens up opportunities to increase passenger flow through airports without increasing the number of aircrafts. This is likely to enhance efficiency of airports as well as minimise unit costs, an important advantage considering the limited number of slots at airports. The flip side of this is that airports will need to restructure their facilities and invest heavily in infrastructure to enable future operations of the A380. However, it appears that many airports are more than prepared for the projected expenditure since they expect to gain multiple advantages from the future operations of the jet. The sheer size of the Airbus A380 brings with it immense potential but equally big challenges. Currently, the greatest challenge facing the industry is the need to adjust their facilities to accommodate an airplane code F, when most of the major international airports have the required infrastructure for aircraft code E. Although Airbus initially developed the A380 to operate on runways of code E standard, subsequent rulings by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) stated that it belonged to code F category and called for airports to expand their facilities to accommodate it. Hence, airports are spending millions of dollars for investment in this infrastructure, says the analyst. However, regulators and the aviation industry representatives have now struck a compromise that allows airports to be certified for A380 operations while minimising capital expenditure and operational disruption. Overall, airports are divided in their attitude towards the A380 and the modifications it demands depending on their current position in international air traffic. While some airports feel they have no choice but to embrace the changes, some others are deciding on the feasibility of preparing their facilities and handling the jet after carrying out a cost-benefit analysis. The remaining airports fall into the category of those that voluntarily make the required adjustments in an attempt to increase the airportà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s appeal in the international arena and thereby, attract new airlines operating the A380. CHANGI MODIFICATIONS CAAS is spending S$60m on modification works to get Changi Airports Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 ready for A380 operations. Besides modifying gate F31, CAAS has completed the expansion of one more A380-compatible gate holdroom in Terminal 2, gate E5. This includes the installation of an additional gangway and a third PLB. Nine other existing gate holdrooms in Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 are being similarly modified. The future Terminal 3 will have another eight A380-compatible gates, bringing the total number of A380-compatible gates at the airport to 19. Each of the 19 gates will have three PLBs. In addition, three out of four baggage claim carousels serving A380 flights in Terminal 2 have been extended to accommodate more luggage, while two A380-ready baggage claim belts in Terminal 1 will be ready in 2006. Other modification works will include the widening of runway shoulders as well as runway-taxiway and taxiway-taxiway intersections. Besides making modifications to existing infrastructure, CAAS has constructed two new freighter aircraft stands and two remote aircraft parking stands for A380 flights. Shields have also been installed along each side of a taxiway bridge to contain the effect of the A380 jet blast. Similar shields are being installed at another taxiway bridge at Changi Airport. In preparation for the A380 operations at Singapore Changi Airport in 2006, CAAS has been carrying out modification work to the existing airport infrastructure as well as incorporating A380 requirements into the design and construction of Terminal 3. As the A380 aircraft is wider and heavier than the Boeing 747-400, Changi Airports airfield must be modified to the design requirements of the ICAO for Code F aircraft. At Changi Airport, the existing runway length of 4000m and width of 60m meet the requirements for A380 operations. The existing separation distances between runways, taxiways and nearest obstacles also meet the international norms specified for A380 operations. However, the existing runway shoulders have been widened by 4.5m on each side to allow the A380 aircraft to operate safely. The aircraft pavements at runway-taxiway and taxiway-taxiway intersections are being widened to allow pilots to manoeuvre the giant A380 aircraft safely at the turns. CAAS is spending S$60m on modification works to get Changi Airports Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 ready for A380 operations. Shields have been installed along each side of a taxiway bridge to contain the effect of the A380 jet blast. Similar shields are being installed at another taxiway bridge at Changi Airport. To facilitate passenger movements from the terminal buildings to the aerobridges, existing fixed gangways (which link the gate holdroom to the aerobridge) are being modified at the designated gates for A380 operations. Each of these gates will be installed with an additional fixed gangway and a third aerobridge. They will also be enlarged to serve the increased number of passengers that the A380 will carry. Two of the existing gates, F31 and E5, in Terminal 2 are now A380-compatible. Similar works have been scheduled to modify five gates in Terminal 1 and four other gates in Terminal 2. Terminal 3 will have eight gates that can serve A380 flight operations when the terminal opens. In all, Changi Airport will have 19 enlarged gate holdrooms to accommodate A380 flights. To accommodate the larger volume of arrival baggage from A380 flights, the presentation frontage of existing baggage belt carousels in Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 has been extended to about 90m. Extensions to three of the four belt carousels in Terminal 2 serving A380 flights have been completed and in Terminal 1 two belts were lengthened in early 2006. Four belts in the upcoming Terminal 3 will be custom-made to serve A380 flights. Two new A380-compatible freighter aircraft stands and two new A380-compatible remote aircraft parking stands have been constructed. Some of the key features of the new terminal are: -Sixth largest in the world after those at Dubai, Beijing, Singapore, Bangkok and Mexico City -One pier each for international and domestic operations spanning 1.2 km from one end to other -A city within, with a super-structure spread over 5.4 million sq ft -78 aero-bridges, against less than 10 at the current international terminal -63 elevators, 35 escalators and 92 automatic walkways -168 check-in counters and 95 immigration desks -One pier each for international and domestic operations spanning 1.2 km from one end to other -Over 20,000 sq meters of retail area, including a large food court -Capacity to handle 12,800 bags per hour, with 6.4 km of conveyor belts -Multi-layer parking facility that can accommodate 4,300 cars -Exotic plants, material imported from Thailand, Mexico, Bahrain. The analysts were looking at GMRs work on Terminal 3 aka T3 at Delhi Airport a symbol of the so-called Modern and Bold India, considering it is among the worlds largest airport terminals and constitutes the largest infrastructure asset in India today. While the language may be a bit technical, it does give some insight into two important subjects: a) how companies are assessed; and, more importantly from a big picture angle, b) the dynamics of Indian infrastructure growth. For more on this crucial subject, see tomorrows Featured Analysis, which compares the dynamics of Chinese and Indian urbanization for the next decade and a half. Check notepad. 1.3.1 London Heathrow London Heathrow will be used as the baseline airport in this study for several reasons: _ Large number of expected A380 operations. _ Extensive operational data readily available. _ Arrivals and departures are always segregated. _ Operation at close to runway capacity throughout the day. Under In November 2009 London Heathrow accommodated 4 daily Heathrow operations (2 ights to Singapore, one to Dubai and one to Sydney), this _gure will rise substantially as Airbus delivers more aircraft across the world given that Heathrow is a major international hub. Heathrow is also likely be the base of operations for the 18 A380s to be operated by British Airways and Virgin Atlantic. In addition to the volume volume of future A380 operations Heathrow is a useful baseline airport given the wealth of data available about operations at the airport as well as the simple operational modes of its runways. Heathrow always operates one runway for arrivals and one runway for departures (to minimize the noise impact on communities under the approach path [6]). Heathrow also operates close to its runway capacity for most of the day due to slot controls at the airport. These factors 4 of 15 Airport Systems: Term Project Alexander Donaldson together mean that a simple runway capacity model described in Section 2.1 should yield an accurate estimate of arrival capacity at Heathrow. 1.3.2 New York JFK An American airport was included in the study in order to examine the e_ects of the more stringent separation requirements impose by the FAA as well as the e_ect of the lower aircraft size seen on average in the U.S. New York JFK (JFK) is likely to be one of the top U.S airports in terms of A380 operations1. JFK is also an interesting contrast to London Heathrow because its runways are frequently operated in a mixed-mode con_guration, with arrivals and departures sharing the same runway. Figure 3: New York JFK Airport Layout[7] 1.3.3 Dubai International Dubai International Airport (DXB) was chosen as the third airport in this study due to the potentially unmatched future level of A380 operations asa result of Emirates Airlines 1Los Angeles International (LAX) my handle more A380s however it was not used in this study due to the complications imposed on A380 operations by its closely spaced parallel runways and the uncertainty surrounding the resolution of these issues. 5 of 15 Airport Systems: Term Project Alexander Donaldson (based at DXB) large order for 58 of the type (Figure 1). The airport also adds a third distinct separation standard by applying the ICAO recommendations without modi_cation. Like JFK, Dubai International has a pair of parallel runways assumed to be operating independently with mixed arrivals and departures for the purposes of this study.